Water Detail - Mud Branch, Lower East Branch Pecatonica Rivers Watershed (SP03)

Mud Branch, Lower East Branch Pecatonica Rivers Watershed (SP03)

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Mud Branch (902300)

Size

3.03 Miles

Segment

3.48 - 6.51

Natural Community

Natural communities (stream and lake natural communities) represent model results that use predicted flow and temperature based on landscape features and related assumptions. Ranges of flow and temperature associated with specific aquatic life communities (fish, macroinvertebrates) help biologists identify appropriate resource management goals. Wisconsin Natural Communities.

Cool-Cold Headwater, Coldwater

Year Last Monitored

This is the most recent date of monitoring data stored in SWIMS. Additional surveys for fish and habitat may be available subsequent to this date.

2021

General Condition

Suspected Poor

County

Lafayette

Trout Water

Trout Waters are represented by Class I, Class II or Class III waters. These classes have specific ecological characteristics and management actions associated with them. For more information regarding Trout Classifications, see the Fisheries Trout Class Webpages.

Yes

Outstanding or Exceptional

Wisconsin has designated many of the state's highest quality waters as Outstanding Resource Waters (ORWs) or Exceptional Resource Waters (ERWs). Waters designated as ORW or ERW are surface waters which provide outstanding recreational opportunities, support valuable fisheries and wildlife habitat, have good water quality, and are not significantly impacted by human activities. ORW and ERW status identifies waters that the State of Wisconsin has determined warrant additional protection from the effects of pollution. These designations are intended to meet federal Clean Water Act obligations requiring Wisconsin to adopt an 'antidegradation' policy that is designed to prevent any lowering of water quality - especially in those waters having significant ecological or cultural value.

Impaired Water

A water is polluted or 'impaired' if it does not support full use by humans, wildlife, fish and other aquatic life and it is shown that one or more of the pollutant criteria are not met.

Fish and Aquatic Life

Current Use

The use the water currently supports. This is not a designation or classification; it is based on the current condition of the water. Information in this column is not designed for, and should not be used for, regulatory purposes.

Supported Aquatic Life

Waters that support fish and aquatic life communities (healthy biological communities).

Attainable Use

The use that the investigator believes the water could achieve through managing "controllable" sources. Beaver dams, hydroelectric dams, low gradient streams, and naturally occurring low flows are generally not considered controllable. The attainable use may be the same as the current use or it may be higher.

Cold (Class II Trout)

Streams supporting a cold water sport fishery, or serving as a spawning area for salmonids and other cold water fish species. Representative aquatic life communities, associated with these waters, generally require cold temperatures and concentrations of dissolved oxygen that remain above 6 mg/L through natural reproduction and selective propagation. Since these waters are capable of supporting natural reproduction, a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 7 mg/L is required during times of active spawning and support of early life stages of newly-hatched fish.

Designated Use

This is the water classification legally recognized by NR102 and NR104, Wis. Adm. Code. The classification determines water quality criteria and effluent limits. Waters obtain designated uses through classification procedures.

Cold

Streams capable of supporting a cold water sport fishery, or serving as a spawning area for salmonids and other cold water fish species. Representative aquatic life communities, associated with these waters, generally require cold temperatures and concentrations of dissolved oxygen that remain above 6 mg/L. Since these waters are capable of supporting natural reproduction, a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 7 mg/L is required during times of active spawning and support of early life stages of newly-hatched fish.

Overview

Mud Branch is a 10 mile long stream in Lafayette County that flows southeastward into the East Branch of the Pecatonica River. The middle section is classified as trout water. The stream suffers from the typical problems in this part of the state: turbidity, bank erosion, sedimentation, habitat impairment and channelization. In 1987, the fish manager noted his disappointment at only finding 6 brown trout in a 4000 foot stretch of stream (Kerr, 1987). Macroinvertebrate sampling conducted in 1990 showed water quality to be good to very good. There has been some effort to rehabilitate the stream. In 2001 and 2002, approximately ? mile of habitat restoration work took place above CTY G. This work included the placement of lunker structures and rip-rap. The objectives of the priority watershed project were to improve trout fisheries, improve trout habitat, reduce organic loading, restore wetlands and improve wildlife habitat. The stream has not been monitored in recent years.

Date 2010

Author James Amrhein

Historical Description

Mud Branch is classified as a warm water drainage stream although there are some good springs feeding into it. It flows southeasterly into the East Branch of the Pecatonica River. Feeder streams are limited to two brooks. Recent surveys indicate that the stream may have possibilities as a marginal trout stream owing to its good water quality and bank cover. However, the lower sections of the stream exhibit heavy bank erosion. Presently, the stream is managed for forage fishes. Most of the floodplain is in meadow and firm pasture with upland hardwoods near the mouth and on the uplands. The watershed contains upland species of game such as deer, pheasants, Hungarian partridge, squirrels and rabbits. Muskrats and waterfowl are present near the mouth where the habitat is more favorable. There is no public land on the stream, but it is accessible from two county road bridges.

Mud Branch, T3N, R5E, Sections 27-5, Surface acres = 5.9, Miles = 6.5, Gradient = 29.2 feet per mile, Total alkalinity = 285 mg/l, Volume of flow = 3.3 cfs.

From: Piening, Ronald; Poff, Ronald; Threinen, C.W., 1967. Lake and Stream Classification Project. Surface Water Resources of Lafayette County, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.

Date 1967

Author Surface Water Inventory Of Wisconsin

Mud Branch, Lower East Branch Pecatonica Rivers Watershed (SP03) Fish and Aquatic Life

Mud Branch, Lower East Branch Pecatonica Rivers Watershed (SP03) Recreation

Mud Branch, Lower East Branch Pecatonica Rivers Watershed (SP03) Fish Consumption

Condition

Wisconsin has over 84,000 miles of streams, 15,000 lakes and milllions of acres of wetlands. Assessing the condition of this vast amount of water is challenging. The state's water monitoring program uses a media-based, cross-program approach to analyze water condition. An updated monitoring strategy (2015-2020) is now available. Compliance with Clean Water Act fishable, swimmable standards are located in the Executive Summary of Water Condition in 2018. See also the 'monitoring and projects' tab.

Reports

2020 Comprehensive WQ Assessments

Comprehensive 2018 River/Stream Water Quality Assessments

Changes to the Draft 2014 Total Phosphorus/Biology Assessments

Recommendations

Citizen-Based Stream Monitoring

Collect chemical, physical, and/or biological water quality data to assess the current overall stream health. The data can inform management decisions and may be used to identify impaired waters for biennial lists.

Monitor Water Quality or Sediment

It had habitat work, but doesn't show much progress. Fish manager thinks it might be transitioning out of trout water. Will put a monitor in to see what temps are. Don't list at this time. AU: 13702; Station ID: 10010748

Management Goals

Wisconsin's Water Quality Standards provide qualitative and quantitative goals for waters that are protective of Fishable, Swimmable conditions [Learn more]. Waters that do not meet water quality standards are considered impaired and restoration actions are planned and carried out until the water is once again fishable and swimmable

Management goals can include creation or implementation of a Total Maximum Daily Load analysis, a Nine Key Element Plan, or other restoration work, education and outreach and more. If specific recommendations exist for this water, they will be displayed below online.

Monitoring

Monitoring the condition of a river, stream, or lake includes gathering physical, chemical, biological, and habitat data. Comprehensive studies often gather all these parameters in great detail, while lighter assessment events will involve sampling physical, chemical and biological data such as macroinvertebrates. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish communities integrate watershed or catchment condition, providing great insight into overall ecosystem health. Chemical and habitat parameters tell researchers more about human induced problems including contaminated runoff, point source dischargers, or habitat issues that foster or limit the potential of aquatic communities to thrive in a given area. Wisconsin's Water Monitoring Strategy was recenty updated.

Grants and Management Projects

Project Name (Click for Details)	Year Started
Monitoring Recommendations Stemming from CWA / IR Listings	2000
Fish Propagation Actions	2001
Mud Branch at CTH G SEC 20	2008

Monitoring Projects

WBIC	Official Waterbody Name	Station ID	Station Name	Earliest Fieldwork Date	Latest Fieldwork Date	View Station	View Data
902300	Mud Br	333211	Mud Branch - Cth G Sec. 20	5/12/1981	10/15/2021	Map	Data
902300	Mud Br	10047013	Mud Branch ~ 5079ft US of CTH G			Map	Data
902300	Mud Br	10031518	Mud Branch Upstream of small confluence(Larson Property)	1/1/2015	1/1/2015	Map	Data
902300	Mud Br	10010748	Mud Br - Mud Branch 1/4 mile US County G	11/27/2002	1/1/2015	Map	Data
902300	Mud Br	10031517	Mud Branch Cty G Bridge			Map	Data

Watershed Characteristics

Mud Br is located in the Lower East Branch Pecatonica Rivers watershed which is 144.80 mi². Land use in the watershed is primarily grassland (44.90%), agricultural (35.10%) and a mix of forest (16%) and other uses (3.90%). This watershed has 370.96 stream miles, 107.68 lake acres and 2,029.49 wetland acres.

Nonpoint Source Characteristics

This watershed is ranked Not Available for runoff impacts on streams, Not Available for runoff impacts on lakes and High for runoff impacts on groundwater and therefore has an overall rank of High. This value can be used in ranking the watershed or individual waterbodies for grant funding under state and county programs.However, all waters are affected by diffuse pollutant sources regardless of initial water quality. Applications for specific runoff projects under state or county grant programs may be pursued. For more information, go to surface water program grants.

Natural Community

Mud Branch is considered a Cool-Cold Headwater, Coldwater under the state's Natural Community Determinations.

Natural communities (stream and lake natural communities) represent model results and DNR staff valiation processes that confirm or update predicted conditions based on flow and temperature modeling from historic and current landscape features and related variables. Predicated flow and temperatures for waters are associated predicated fish assemblages (communities). Biologists evaluate the model results against current survey data to determine if the modeled results are corect and whether biological indicators show water quaity degradation. This analysis is a core component of the state's resource management framework. Wisconsin's Riverine Natural Communities.

Cool (Cold-Transition) Headwaters are small, usually perennial streams with cold to cool summer temperatures. Coldwater fishes are common to uncommon (<10 per 100 m), transitional fishes are abundant to common, and warm water fishes are uncommon to absent. Headwater species are abundant to common, mainstem species are common to absent, and river species are absent.

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