Stenelmis quadrimaculata is a Wisconsin Special Concern riffle beetle that has been found in marl deposits in streams and large rivers. Riffle beetles are scrapers belonging to the Elmidae family. Most often found in cool, swift streams, they are relatively poor swimmers and move slowly in the water. Unlike most beetle families, they reside underwater during every stage of life and breath using gills, which limits their range, as many species require highly oxygenated water. Riffle beetles are generally quite small - larvae are 3-8mm and adults are 1-8mm long.