Wisconsin's rare plants

 
 
 
Scientific Name Common Name Global Rank State Rank Federal Status WI Status

Common Moonwort (Botrychium lunaria)

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Photo by W.C. Taylor

 

 

 

 

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Counties with Mapped NHI Occurrences

Common Moonwort (Botrychium lunaria), a Wisconsin Endangered plant, is found typically in the open areas of moist, cool woods such as small grassy gaps, edges of woods or open fields. The optimal identification period for this species is early-July through September.

Botrychium lunaria var. onondagense, Botrychium onondagense, Osmunda lunaria

 
 
 

Common moonwort is a fern, 3-18cm tall, with a smooth, erect stem and bright green, lanceolate fronds, (not broadly triangular) with 3-6 pairs of more or less opposite pinnae lobes, each of which is broader than long, fan-shaped with no midrib. Its sporophore (spore producing organ) grows to 14cm long, is sparsely branched bearing small round sporangia (round spore-bearing sacs), and emerges from the base of the leaf. Its leaves are bright green, erect, 1.5-7cm x 0.7-3cm, distinctly pinnately divided, smooth.

Rhizomatous. Fruiting occurs in July.

Perennial. The optimal identification period for this species is early-July through September.

Associated species include Abies balsamea, Picea glauca, Betula papyrifera, Acer saccharum, A spicatum, Botrychium minganense, and B simplex.

Common moonwort is typically found in sandy or gravelly soil in open areas of moist, cool woods such as small grassy gaps, or the edges of woods or open fields.

Avoid known individual plant locations and conduct operations elsewhere when they are least likely to cause damage. Ideally, this would involve frozen, snow-covered ground. However, in areas of the state where frozen conditions are unreliable, very dry soils late in the growing season might be the best available alternative. Consult with a biologist, if needed.

Avoid broadcast spraying of herbicides and use care with spot spraying.

Avoid site preparation that heavily disturbs herbaceous ground layer and soil, including bulldozing and furrowing, as well as grubbing and stump removal.

Avoid direct disturbance to sensitive microsites such as seeps, cliffs, and moss-covered boulders.

Avoid locating landings, staging areas, or access routes in open sandy areas dominated by native grasses.

Follow BMPs, especially around streams and use care near ravines, steep slopes, cliffs, rock outcrops, etc.

Buffer management around unique microhabitats such as ephemeral ponds, seeps, etc.

This species requires shaded habitat conditions, maintain high forest canopy cover.

Maintain thick duff layer if possible. Minimize spread of invasive species including earthworms.

Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) are associated with habitats (or natural communities) and places on the landscape. Understanding relationships among SGCN, natural communities and ecological landscapes help us make decisions about issues affecting SGCN and their habitat and how to respond. Download the Wildlife Action Plan association score spreadsheet to explore rare species, natural communities and ecological landscape associations

Conservation actions respond to issues or threats, which adversely affect species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) or their habitats. Besides actions such as restoring wetlands or planting resilient tree species in northern communities, research, surveys and monitoring are also among conservation actions described in the Wisconsin Wildlife Action Plan because lack of information can threaten our ability to successfully preserve and care for natural resources.