PROTECTING WISCONSIN'S BIODIVERSITY

 
 
   
 
Scientific Name Common Name Global Rank State Rank Federal Status WI Status

Spoon-leaf Moonwort (Botrychium spathulatum)

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Photo by Gary Fewless

 

Counties with Mapped NHI Occurrences

Spoon-leaf Moonwort (Botrychium spathulatum), a Wisconsin Special Concern plant, is found in grassy clearings in boreal forest on dolomite along Lake Michigan. The optimal identification period for this species is early-June through early-July.

 
 
 

Spoon-leaf moonwort is a fern, up to 10cm tall, with a solitary, pinnate, narrowly deltate, dull green frond that is up to 8cm x 2.5cm, and contains up to 8, more or less, opposite pairs of pinnae lobes, which are narrowly fan-shaped with margins mainly entire or occasionally irregularly and shallowly serrated, held either flat in the same plane or with only the lowest pair somewhat folded or angled toward one another. Its sporophore (spore producing organ) emerges from the base of the leaf, and is 1.5-2.5 times the length of the fronds. Sporangia are borne on spreading twice-pinnate branches. Its trophore stalk is up to 1mm, blade is shiny yellow-green, narrowly deltate, flate, once pinnate and leathery.

It can be distinguished from B minganense by its more branched fertile frond and leaves that appear later (late spring through summer), and its pinnae are more narrowly fan-shaped than B lunaria.

Rhizomatous.

Perennial. The optimal identification period for this species is early June through early-July.

Associated species include Abies balsamea and Thuja occidentalis.

Spoon-leaf moonwort prefers calcareous soils and is found in grassy clearings in boreal forests on dolomite along Lake Michigan.

Avoid known individual plant locations and conduct operations elsewhere when they are least likely to cause damage. Ideally, this would involve frozen, snow-covered ground. However, in areas of the state where frozen conditions are unreliable, very dry soils late in the growing season might be the best available alternative. Consult with a biologist, if needed.

Avoid broadcast spraying of herbicides and use care with spot spraying.

Avoid site preparation that heavily disturbs herbaceous ground layer and soil, including bulldozing and furrowing, as well as grubbing and stump removal.

Avoid locating landings, staging areas, or access routes in open sandy areas dominated by native grasses.

Follow BMPs, especially around streams and use care near ravines, steep slopes, cliffs, rock outcrops, etc.

Buffer management around unique microhabitats such as ephemeral ponds, seeps, etc.

Silvicultural techniques that result in frequent soil distrubance should be avoided.

Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) are associated with habitats (or natural communities) and places on the landscape. Understanding relationships among SGCN, natural communities and ecological landscapes help us make decisions about issues affecting SGCN and their habitat and how to respond. Download the Wildlife Action Plan association score spreadsheet to explore rare species, natural communities and ecological landscape associations

Conservation actions respond to issues or threats, which adversely affect species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) or their habitats. Besides actions such as restoring wetlands or planting resilient tree species in northern communities, research, surveys and monitoring are also among conservation actions described in the Wisconsin Wildlife Action Plan because lack of information can threaten our ability to successfully preserve and care for natural resources.