Purple Martin (Progne subis), a Special Concern species in Wisconsin, the largest of North American swallows, has a large head and chest. Males are covered entirely with a glossy bluish-black plumage. Females have the blue-black plumage on their backs with a light gray chests and bellies. While found throughout the state, they are predominately concentrated in the southeastern and east central areas of the state. The Purple Martin is generally found in open habitats and areas close to water, particularly near or in human settlements. Humans now provide nearly all nesting sites used by this species, which include established structures like birdhouses or nest boxes and gourds. Natural tree cavities were utilized historically and in a few cases to date. During the breeding period, three to eight white eggs are laid and incubated by the female for 15-18 days. Hatchlings are tended to by both adults. The recommended avoidance period is May 1 - August 15.
