PROTECTING WISCONSIN'S BIODIVERSITY

 
 
   
 
Scientific Name Common Name Global Rank State Rank Federal Status WI Status

Azure Bluets (Houstonia caerulea)

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Photo by Jeff Lorch

 

Counties with Mapped NHI Occurrences

Azure Bluets (Houstonia caerulea), a Wisconsin Special Concern plant, is found in dry prairies and woodlands, as well as damp meadows. Blooming occurs late-April through early-July, fruiting late-May through early-August. The optimal identification period for this species is late-April through late-June.

Hedyotis caerulea, Houstonia caerulea var. faxonorum

 
 
 

Azure bluets is an erect forb, 5-20cm tall, with narrowly oblong sepals, 1-2mm, and acute. Corolla are typically rather light blue-lavender with a pale yellow eye, a slender tube and an abruptly spreading, flattened limb. The corolla tube is 5-10mm, smooth within, the limb is 10-14mm wide, stamens included, styles are of different lengths. Fruits are flattened, 3-4mm wide, much broader than long. Seeds are globular, with a deep round cavity occupying the inner face. Lower leaves are oblanceolate to spatulate, 5-12mm, narrowed to a petiole often as long, the upper leaves are subsessile, and oblong-spatulate to linear.

Slender, fragile rhizomes. Blooming occurs late-April through early-July, fruiting late-May through early-August.

Perennial. The optimal identification period for this species is late-April through June.

Associated species include Schizachyrium scoparium, Quercus macrocarpa, Lithospermum canescens, Rudbeckia hirta, Sorghastrum nutans, Euthamia graminifolia, Aletris farinosa, Lobelia spicata, Dodecatheon meadia, Polemonium reptans, and Phlox pilosa.

Azure bluets is found in dry prairies and woodlands, as well as damp meadows.

Avoid known individual plant locations and conduct operations elsewhere when they are least likely to cause damage. Ideally, this would involve frozen, snow-covered ground. However, in areas of the state where frozen conditions are unreliable, very dry soils late in the growing season might be the best available alternative. Consult with a biologist, if needed.

Avoid broadcast spraying of herbicides and use care with spot spraying.

Avoid locating landings, staging areas, or access routes in open sandy areas dominated by native grasses.

Prescribed burns and/or brushing may be beneficial, dependent on local site conditions and burn frequency. Rotational burns with annual unburned refugia may be preferred.

Maintain and restore open habitat through selective clearing and brushing.

Survey for and control invasive plants prior to conducting timber operations, as these can be spread by vehicles and often respond vigorously to increased light. See forestry BMPs for invasive species.

Species of Greatest Conservation Need (SGCN) are associated with habitats (or natural communities) and places on the landscape. Understanding relationships among SGCN, natural communities and ecological landscapes help us make decisions about issues affecting SGCN and their habitat and how to respond. Download the Wildlife Action Plan association score spreadsheet to explore rare species, natural communities and ecological landscape associations

Conservation actions respond to issues or threats, which adversely affect species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) or their habitats. Besides actions such as restoring wetlands or planting resilient tree species in northern communities, research, surveys and monitoring are also among conservation actions described in the Wisconsin Wildlife Action Plan because lack of information can threaten our ability to successfully preserve and care for natural resources.