English Lake is a small, relatively deep, fertile lake located six miles southwest of the City of Manitowoc in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. The lake receives overland runoff and drainage tile inputs from a predominantly agricultural watershed, with fertile loamy soils, and exhibits yearly and seasonal. algal blooms. Water quality, when rated according to Trophic State Index, was mesotrophic to eutrophic for total phosphorus and chlorophyll a, and oligotrophic to eutrophic for Secchi depth. English Lake, however, has a very narrow littoral zone which limits the amount of rooted aquatic plants (macrophytes) and allows nutrients to be available for algal growth. Filamentous algae and water celery were most abundant; a relatively low number of species was noted on the mainly sandy substrates. Summer surface total phosphorus in English Lake was lower than expected in 1991-1992. Lowest surface total phosphorous readings were observed during summer months and may be the result of lower runoff, algal binding of nutrients and/or stratification. Management objectives should target continued monitoring, better definition and reduction of surface runoff (where possible and practical), riparian education/awareness of land use practice effects on water quality and potential use conflicts: - Water quality monitoring, including regular, event, Secchi and rainfall data, should be continued to track trends. - Many riparian lots on English Lake are located on a steep slope and provide the only buffer strip between the lake and the agricultural watershed. Some runoff is directed to the lake via underground tile systems, but buffer stripping, contour sloping, fertilizer management and other common sense practices should be implemented to slow overland runoff and eliminate its potentially harmful effects. - Agricultural land owners in the English Lake watershed should implement Best Management Practices (BMPls) where practical and take advantage of cost-share funding where available. Consideration may specifically be given to eliminating winter manure spreading, planting sod waterways, controlling barnyard runoff and crop rotation conservation. The feasibility of redirecting drain tiles should be examined. - Distribution of a recreational use survey may help to solicit opinions and attitudes to guide management.

Review existing data on lake to define data gaps. Initiate public involvement/information program. Water quality discharges to by analyzed. Macrophyte survey. Base map of lake and watershed will be prepared. Draft and final lake management plan.

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