Halls Branch, Lower Kickapoo River Watershed (LW02)
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Halls Branch, Lower Kickapoo River Watershed (LW02)
Halls Branch (1184300)
3.19 Miles
1.97 - 5.16
Natural Community
Natural communities (stream and lake natural communities) represent model results that use predicted flow and temperature based on landscape features and related assumptions. Ranges of flow and temperature associated with specific aquatic life communities (fish, macroinvertebrates) help biologists identify appropriate resource management goals. Wisconsin Natural Communities.
Cool-Cold Mainstem, Cool-Cold Headwater
Year Last Monitored
This is the most recent date of monitoring data stored in SWIMS. Additional surveys for fish and habitat may be available subsequent to this date.
2024
Poor
 
This river is impaired
Degraded Habitat
Sediment/Total Suspended Solids
 
Crawford
Trout Water 
Trout Waters are represented by Class I, Class II or Class III waters. These classes have specific ecological characteristics and management actions associated with them. For more information regarding Trout Classifications, see the Fisheries Trout Class Webpages.
Yes
Outstanding or Exceptional 
Wisconsin has designated many of the state's highest quality waters as Outstanding Resource Waters (ORWs) or Exceptional Resource Waters (ERWs). Waters designated as ORW or ERW are surface waters which provide outstanding recreational opportunities, support valuable fisheries and wildlife habitat, have good water quality, and are not significantly impacted by human activities. ORW and ERW status identifies waters that the State of Wisconsin has determined warrant additional protection from the effects of pollution. These designations are intended to meet federal Clean Water Act obligations requiring Wisconsin to adopt an 'antidegradation' policy that is designed to prevent any lowering of water quality - especially in those waters having significant ecological or cultural value.
No
Impaired Water 
A water is polluted or 'impaired' if it does not support full use by humans, wildlife, fish and other aquatic life and it is shown that one or more of the pollutant criteria are not met.
Yes

Fish and Aquatic Life

Current Use
The use the water currently supports. This is not a designation or classification; it is based on the current condition of the water. Information in this column is not designed for, and should not be used for, regulatory purposes.
Restricted Aquatic Life
Fish and Aquatic Life communities are not fully supported in this ecosystem.
Attainable Use
The use that the investigator believes the water could achieve through managing "controllable" sources. Beaver dams, hydroelectric dams, low gradient streams, and naturally occurring low flows are generally not considered controllable. The attainable use may be the same as the current use or it may be higher.
Cold (Class II Trout)
Streams supporting a cold water sport fishery, or serving as a spawning area for salmonids and other cold water fish species. Representative aquatic life communities, associated with these waters, generally require cold temperatures and concentrations of dissolved oxygen that remain above 6 mg/L through natural reproduction and selective propagation. Since these waters are capable of supporting natural reproduction, a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 7 mg/L is required during times of active spawning and support of early life stages of newly-hatched fish.
Designated Use
This is the water classification legally recognized by NR102 and NR104, Wis. Adm. Code. The classification determines water quality criteria and effluent limits. Waters obtain designated uses through classification procedures.
Cold
Streams capable of supporting a cold water sport fishery, or serving as a spawning area for salmonids and other cold water fish species. Representative aquatic life communities, associated with these waters, generally require cold temperatures and concentrations of dissolved oxygen that remain above 6 mg/L. Since these waters are capable of supporting natural reproduction, a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 7 mg/L is required during times of active spawning and support of early life stages of newly-hatched fish.

Overview

Halls Branch, located in central Crawford County, flows in an easterly direction for five miles before reaching the Kickapoo River near Bell Center. This stream has a gradient of 43 feet per mile and drains wooded hillsides and agricultural valleys. Halls Creek is a Class III trout stream for two miles from its mouth up to Zintz Road and Class II upstream of Zintz Road for three miles.

The most recent survey, conducted in 1998, documented a cool, clear stream with a bottom comprised mainly of sand with a balance of silt, gravel, cobble, and boulders. Adequate instream cover was available for the brook and brown trout found in the stream. Numerous forage fish species were also documented. Unrestricted cattle access to the steep banks of Halls Branch was also documented as a pervasive source of sediment. Halls Branch would benefit from the purchase of streambank easements from willing sellers and the restoration of in-stream habitat. WDNR records indicate Halls Branch has been stocked with brown trout since 1961, while brook trout have only been stocked intermittently since 1996. Access to Halls Branch is from four road crossings and WDNR owned land. A state threatened species has been found in this creek.

Fishery Survey 1967 - Documented a brown trout fishery that justified the classifications of Cold II on the upper 3.0 miles and Cold III on the lower 2.0 miles.

Fishery Survey 1998 - Documented very few brown trout throughout the entire stream. This survey indicated that the upper 3.0 miles of Halls Branch Creek was not meeting its codified use of Cold II.

From: Ripp, Coreen, Koperski, Cindy and Folstad, Jason. 2002. The State of the Lower Wisconsin River Basin. PUBL WT-559-2002. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.

Date  2002

Author  Cynthia Koperski

Historical Description

This stream has been severely affected by seasonal flooding, streambank erosion and stream channelization. These impacts severely limit the potential to improve the trout fishery in this stream. This stream has been chosen by the village of Seneca wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) facilities plan as a potential discharge site.

Date  1994

Author   Aquatic Biologist

Recommendations

Citizen-Based Stream Monitoring
Collect chemical, physical, and/or biological water quality data to assess the current overall stream health. The data can inform management decisions and may be used to identify impaired waters for biennial lists.

Management Goals

Wisconsin's Water Quality Standards provide qualitative and quantitative goals for waters that are protective of Fishable, Swimmable conditions [Learn more]. Waters that do not meet water quality standards are considered impaired and restoration actions are planned and carried out until the water is once again fishable and swimmable

Management goals can include creation or implementation of a Total Maximum Daily Load analysis, a Nine Key Element Plan, or other restoration work, education and outreach and more. If specific recommendations exist for this water, they will be displayed below online.

Monitoring

Monitoring the condition of a river, stream, or lake includes gathering physical, chemical, biological, and habitat data. Comprehensive studies often gather all these parameters in great detail, while lighter assessment events will involve sampling physical, chemical and biological data such as macroinvertebrates. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish communities integrate watershed or catchment condition, providing great insight into overall ecosystem health. Chemical and habitat parameters tell researchers more about human induced problems including contaminated runoff, point source dischargers, or habitat issues that foster or limit the potential of aquatic communities to thrive in a given area. Wisconsin's Water Monitoring Strategy was recenty updated.

Grants and Management Projects

Project Name (Click for Details)Year Started
Halls Branch upstream 100 yds from Zintz Rd2006
Fish Propagation Actions2001

Monitoring Projects

WBICOfficial Waterbody NameStation IDStation NameEarliest Fieldwork DateLatest Fieldwork DateView StationView Data
1184300Halls Br10013662Halls Branch Station 3 - 1998 100 Ft. Downstream Of Spring (Confluence)MapData
1184300Halls Br10022296Halls Branch St. 5 - 1st Riffle Above Bridge On Cth S1/1/20151/1/2015MapData
1184300Halls Br10013650Halls Branch - Zintz Rd. Bridge5/14/19976/15/2017MapData
1184300Halls Br10013661Halls Branch Station 2 - 1998 80 Ft. Upstream Of Bridge On Zintz Rd.MapData
1184300Halls Br10013511Halls Branch - Hwy S Bridge10/15/20127/17/2015MapData
1184300Halls Br10013663Halls Branch Station 4 - 1998 900ft. Downstream Of Confluence With Creek 6-10MapData
1184300Halls Br10022295Halls Branch Cr. St. 4 - Confluence With Tributary1/1/20151/1/2015MapData
1184300Halls Br10013654Halls Branch Station #4 - 1968 Nw 1/4 Of Sw 1/4 Section 5MapData
1184300Halls Br10013648Halls Branch Station # 1 - Confluence With Creek 6-10MapData
1184300Halls Br10012461Halls Branch 100 Yds Upstream From Zintz Rd.9/7/199810/9/2024MapData

Watershed Characteristics

Halls Br is located in the Lower Kickapoo River watershed which is 150.21 mi². Land use in the watershed is primarily forest (52.80%), grassland (21.20%) and a mix of agricultural (19.60%) and other uses (6.30%). This watershed has 383.20 stream miles, 387.48 lake acres and 3,662.70 wetland acres.

Nonpoint Source Characteristics

This watershed is ranked High for runoff impacts on streams, Not Ranked for runoff impacts on lakes and High for runoff impacts on groundwater and therefore has an overall rank of High. This value can be used in ranking the watershed or individual waterbodies for grant funding under state and county programs.This water is ranked High Stream for individual Rivers based on runoff problems and the likelihood of success from project implementation.

Natural Community

Halls Branch is considered a Cool-Cold Mainstem, Cool-Cold Headwater under the state's Natural Community Determinations.

Natural communities (stream and lake natural communities) represent model results and DNR staff valiation processes that confirm or update predicted conditions based on flow and temperature modeling from historic and current landscape features and related variables. Predicated flow and temperatures for waters are associated predicated fish assemblages (communities). Biologists evaluate the model results against current survey data to determine if the modeled results are corect and whether biological indicators show water quaity degradation. This analysis is a core component of the state's resource management framework. Wisconsin's Riverine Natural Communities.

Cool (Cold-Transition) Mainstem streams are moderate-to-large but still wadeable perennial streams with cold to cool summer temperatures. Coldwater fishes are common to uncommon, transitional fishes are abundant to common, and warm water fishes are uncommon to absent. Headwater species are common to absent, mainstem species are abundant to common, and river species are common to absent.

Cool (Cold-Transition) Headwaters are small, usually perennial streams with cold to cool summer temperatures. Coldwater fishes are common to uncommon (<10 per 100 m), transitional fishes are abundant to common, and warm water fishes are uncommon to absent. Headwater species are abundant to common, mainstem species are common to absent, and river species are absent.

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