Cannon Creek, Yellowstone River Watershed (SP04)
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Cannon Creek, Yellowstone River Watershed (SP04)
Cannon Creek (904500)
7.67 Miles
0 - 7.67
Natural Community
Natural communities (stream and lake natural communities) represent model results that use predicted flow and temperature based on landscape features and related assumptions. Ranges of flow and temperature associated with specific aquatic life communities (fish, macroinvertebrates) help biologists identify appropriate resource management goals. Wisconsin Natural Communities.
Cool-Cold Mainstem, Cool-Cold Headwater, Coldwater
Year Last Monitored
This is the most recent date of monitoring data stored in SWIMS. Additional surveys for fish and habitat may be available subsequent to this date.
2016
Good
 
Iowa, Lafayette
Trout Water 
Trout Waters are represented by Class I, Class II or Class III waters. These classes have specific ecological characteristics and management actions associated with them. For more information regarding Trout Classifications, see the Fisheries Trout Class Webpages.
Yes
Outstanding or Exceptional 
Wisconsin has designated many of the state's highest quality waters as Outstanding Resource Waters (ORWs) or Exceptional Resource Waters (ERWs). Waters designated as ORW or ERW are surface waters which provide outstanding recreational opportunities, support valuable fisheries and wildlife habitat, have good water quality, and are not significantly impacted by human activities. ORW and ERW status identifies waters that the State of Wisconsin has determined warrant additional protection from the effects of pollution. These designations are intended to meet federal Clean Water Act obligations requiring Wisconsin to adopt an 'antidegradation' policy that is designed to prevent any lowering of water quality - especially in those waters having significant ecological or cultural value.
No
Impaired Water 
A water is polluted or 'impaired' if it does not support full use by humans, wildlife, fish and other aquatic life and it is shown that one or more of the pollutant criteria are not met.
No

Fish and Aquatic Life

Current Use
The use the water currently supports. This is not a designation or classification; it is based on the current condition of the water. Information in this column is not designed for, and should not be used for, regulatory purposes.
Supported Aquatic Life
Waters that support fish and aquatic life communities (healthy biological communities).
Attainable Use
The use that the investigator believes the water could achieve through managing "controllable" sources. Beaver dams, hydroelectric dams, low gradient streams, and naturally occurring low flows are generally not considered controllable. The attainable use may be the same as the current use or it may be higher.
Cold (Class II Trout)
Streams supporting a cold water sport fishery, or serving as a spawning area for salmonids and other cold water fish species. Representative aquatic life communities, associated with these waters, generally require cold temperatures and concentrations of dissolved oxygen that remain above 6 mg/L through natural reproduction and selective propagation. Since these waters are capable of supporting natural reproduction, a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 7 mg/L is required during times of active spawning and support of early life stages of newly-hatched fish.
Designated Use
This is the water classification legally recognized by NR102 and NR104, Wis. Adm. Code. The classification determines water quality criteria and effluent limits. Waters obtain designated uses through classification procedures.
Cold
Streams capable of supporting a cold water sport fishery, or serving as a spawning area for salmonids and other cold water fish species. Representative aquatic life communities, associated with these waters, generally require cold temperatures and concentrations of dissolved oxygen that remain above 6 mg/L. Since these waters are capable of supporting natural reproduction, a minimum dissolved oxygen concentration of 7 mg/L is required during times of active spawning and support of early life stages of newly-hatched fish.

Overview

Cannon Creek, in the Yellowstone River Watershed, is a 7.67 mile river that falls in Iowa and Lafayette Counties. This river is a Class II Trout Water under the Fisheries Program. This river is managed for fishing and swimming and is currently not considered impaired.

Date  2011

Author   Aquatic Biologist

Historical Description

Canon Creek - Outlet location T4N R4E Section 17 -15, Gradient = 38.9 feet per mile, Surface acres = 1.9, Length = 1.9 miles, Total alkalinity = 302 mg/l, Volume of flow = 0.6 cfs.
Cannon Creek is one of the Yellowstone Lake's major tributaries and enters it about 1.5 miles above Yellowstone Lake in Lafayette County. It is spring fed and is managed for trout and smallmouth bass for about the upper two-thirds of its length. The principal land use in the watershed is beef cattle grazing and agricultural crops. Only about 18 percent is in
woodlands.
Waterfowl and marshland furbearers can be considered scarce due to the well drained nature of the watershed. The sport fishery consists of brown trout which are stocked annually.
A seining survey showed that a variety of forage fishes also exist in this stream. Species found to be present include hornyhead and creek chubs, stoneroller and bluntnose minnows, common shiners, johnny and fantail darters and redbelly dace. There is no public frontage on the stream and it is accessible from only one town road bridge.

From: Piening, Ronald and Threinen, C.W., Lake and Stream Classification Project. Surface Water Resources of Iowa County, Department of Natural Resources, 1968.

Date  1968

Author   Surface Water Inventory Of Wisconsin

Historical Description

Canon Creek (Canon Branch), T4N, R4E, Sections 26-11, Surface acres = 4.3, Miles = 4.3, Gradient = 28.6 feet per mile, Total alkalinity = 254 ppm., Volume of flow = 1.9 cfs.
Canon Creek is a spring-fed tributary of the Yellowstone River. It enters the Yellowstone River about 1.5 miles above Yellowstone Lake. Although it is spring-fed, it is considered a marginal trout stream. Smallmouth bass are also present. It is stocked with brown trout annually and stocking is restricted tothe upper two-thirds of its length. The stream banks exhibit light to moderate erosion. The stream bed is gravel in the upper portions and silt in the lower portions. Areas in the vicinity of the Yellowstone River provide good habitatfor muskrats and waterfowl while the watershed in general contains deer, squirrels, rabbits, pheasants, ruffed grouse, and Hungarian partridge. Most of the land in the watershed is under cultivation. Public ownership is nonexistent along this stream. Accessibility is possible from one county and three town road bridges.

From: Piening, Ronald; Poff, Ronald; Threinen, C.W., 1967. Lake and Stream Classification Project. Surface Water Resources of Lafayette County, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, WI.

Date  1967

Author   Surface Water Inventory Of Wisconsin

Cannon Creek, Yellowstone River Watershed (SP04) Fish and Aquatic LifeCannon Creek, Yellowstone River Watershed (SP04) RecreationCannon Creek, Yellowstone River Watershed (SP04) Fish Consumption

General Condition

Cannon Creek (WBIC 904500) was assessed during the 2018 listing cycle; new biological (fish Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores) sample data were clearly below the 2018 WisCALM listing thresholds for the Fish and Aquatic Life use. This water was meeting this designated use and was not considered impaired.

Date  2017

Author  Ashley Beranek

Condition

Wisconsin has over 84,000 miles of streams, 15,000 lakes and milllions of acres of wetlands. Assessing the condition of this vast amount of water is challenging. The state's water monitoring program uses a media-based, cross-program approach to analyze water condition. An updated monitoring strategy (2015-2020) is now available. Compliance with Clean Water Act fishable, swimmable standards are located in the Executive Summary of Water Condition in 2018. See also the 'monitoring and projects' tab.

Reports

2020 Comprehensive WQ Assessments
2018 List of Healthy (Category 2) Waters
Comprehensive 2018 River/Stream Water Quality Assessments
Canon Creek, Canon Creek Gilberston Road, Wadeable Macroinvertebrate Field Form

Management Goals

Wisconsin's Water Quality Standards provide qualitative and quantitative goals for waters that are protective of Fishable, Swimmable conditions [Learn more]. Waters that do not meet water quality standards are considered impaired and restoration actions are planned and carried out until the water is once again fishable and swimmable

Management goals can include creation or implementation of a Total Maximum Daily Load analysis, a Nine Key Element Plan, or other restoration work, education and outreach and more. If specific recommendations exist for this water, they will be displayed below online.

Monitoring

Monitoring the condition of a river, stream, or lake includes gathering physical, chemical, biological, and habitat data. Comprehensive studies often gather all these parameters in great detail, while lighter assessment events will involve sampling physical, chemical and biological data such as macroinvertebrates. Aquatic macroinvertebrates and fish communities integrate watershed or catchment condition, providing great insight into overall ecosystem health. Chemical and habitat parameters tell researchers more about human induced problems including contaminated runoff, point source dischargers, or habitat issues that foster or limit the potential of aquatic communities to thrive in a given area. Wisconsin's Water Monitoring Strategy was recenty updated.

Grants and Management Projects

Project Name (Click for Details)Year Started
Fish Propagation Actions2001

Monitoring Projects

WBICOfficial Waterbody NameStation IDStation NameEarliest Fieldwork DateLatest Fieldwork DateView StationView Data
904500Canon Creek10009270Canon Creek Station 111/15/20027/10/2012MapData
904500Canon Creek10012829Canon Branch EasementMapData
904500Canon Creek10037525Canon Creek at English Hollow Rd (upper crossing)1/1/20151/1/2015MapData
904500Canon Creek10044969Canon Creek at Rock Branch Rd6/2/20166/2/2016MapData
904500Canon Creek10037527Canon Creek at CTY S7/10/20167/10/2016MapData
904500Canon Creek10012841Canon Creek Gilberston Road1/1/201510/10/2016MapData

Watershed Characteristics

Canon Creek is located in the Yellowstone River watershed which is 57.46 mi². Land use in the watershed is primarily grassland (47%), agricultural (30.10%) and a mix of forest (18.80%) and other uses (4.00%). This watershed has 158.93 stream miles, 9.53 lake acres and 636.16 wetland acres.

Nonpoint Source Characteristics

This watershed is ranked High for runoff impacts on streams, Medium for runoff impacts on lakes and High for runoff impacts on groundwater and therefore has an overall rank of High. This value can be used in ranking the watershed or individual waterbodies for grant funding under state and county programs.However, all waters are affected by diffuse pollutant sources regardless of initial water quality. Applications for specific runoff projects under state or county grant programs may be pursued. For more information, go to surface water program grants.

Natural Community

Cannon Creek is considered a Cool-Cold Mainstem, Cool-Cold Headwater, Coldwater under the state's Natural Community Determinations.

Natural communities (stream and lake natural communities) represent model results and DNR staff valiation processes that confirm or update predicted conditions based on flow and temperature modeling from historic and current landscape features and related variables. Predicated flow and temperatures for waters are associated predicated fish assemblages (communities). Biologists evaluate the model results against current survey data to determine if the modeled results are corect and whether biological indicators show water quaity degradation. This analysis is a core component of the state's resource management framework. Wisconsin's Riverine Natural Communities.

Cool (Cold-Transition) Mainstem streams are moderate-to-large but still wadeable perennial streams with cold to cool summer temperatures. Coldwater fishes are common to uncommon, transitional fishes are abundant to common, and warm water fishes are uncommon to absent. Headwater species are common to absent, mainstem species are abundant to common, and river species are common to absent.

Cool (Cold-Transition) Headwaters are small, usually perennial streams with cold to cool summer temperatures. Coldwater fishes are common to uncommon (<10 per 100 m), transitional fishes are abundant to common, and warm water fishes are uncommon to absent. Headwater species are abundant to common, mainstem species are common to absent, and river species are absent.

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